Richard Whitley, Jochen Gläser (eds.), The Changing Governance of the Sciences. The Advent of Research Evaluation Systems. Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook

In 2009, leading English research universities are facing cuts in their public research funding that make them reconsider their plans for future investment and quite some of them are taking action for cost cuttings. Universities’ leadership are quoted with statements like ‘‘potentially the biggest shift in research fuding policy for 20 years’’ and ‘‘it looks like the end of the road for research concentration’’ (Time Higher Education, no. 1,877, p. 4). What had happened? In December 2008, the results of the most recent Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) had been published, and this RAE provided, for the first time, a ‘research profile’ for each department rather than a single summative score. The RAE thus highlighted not only the ‘critical mass’ of excellent research in leading universities but also small groups or individuals of excellence in departments that, overall, were not rated as excellent. This change in the rules of the game was well-known in advance. What was not well known was the related re-distribution of some research funding towards well evaluated groups in universities that do not figure highly in the well-established and well-defended prestige hierarchy of English universities. The RAE once shocked academe by its declared function of concentrating public research funding in leading universities; this time it was the leading universities that suffered from a change in funding allocations. Obviously, research evaluations can make a difference, for the better or the worse, and research evaluations are on the rise as a prominent instrument in the changing governance of the sciences and their organizational hosts, the universities. The 26th Yearbook of the Sociology of Sciences edited by Richard Whitley and Jochen Gläser analyzes ‘‘The Advent of Research Evaluation Systems’’. The volume highlights their evolution and instrumentation in various national settings; the responses of academics and universities to this new form of institutionalized, systematic and public retrospective evaluation of research; and its potential effects